日光溫室溫度變化與熱量狀態(tài)分析

<p>&nbsp;收稿日期 1995-09-18 &nbsp;修回日期 1996-02-05 j 3 &nbsp;ÙZÕ4 &nbsp;Ù· 5(1 西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝系 陜西楊陵 712100, 2 府谷縣農(nóng)業(yè)局, 3 咸陽(yáng)秦都園藝站, 4 神木蠶桑園藝站, 5 榆林農(nóng)科所)K 1 對(duì)陜北和關(guān)中地區(qū)日光溫室溫度變化和熱量狀況的對(duì)比觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明, 陜北地區(qū)日光溫室的最高氣溫、 平均氣溫和10 cm 土溫分別比關(guān)中高 9.9 10 、 1.8 2.3 和 1.0 1.3 , 是理想的發(fā)展區(qū)域。日光溫室夜間失熱的主要途徑為貫流放熱, 失熱量占總熱量76%以上;其次是土壤橫向傳熱, 失熱量占總熱量12.5% 13.2%, 換氣放熱失熱量最少, 占總熱量 5.6% 10.7%。加強(qiáng)夜間草簾覆蓋和挖防寒溝是保溫的主要方法。1oM 日光溫室;溫度;熱量狀態(tài)û 8Cµ °Ñ i0 .3£hm 2,®¿¹ ØÊ ©Ìâ¥, °Ñ i¥ £ Ƶs v,y7 5 ب9。3 3ÁÏ ôR¨¥ V? Tð !² °Ñ i¹© k,×Äùî û1Ï2ñ ©Ìâ/¥ °Ñ i £ ÿMÄ,s °Ñ i £ l¦ f , ù¹ ب°Ñ i4 IG &nbsp;。1 &nbsp;材料與方法 û1Ï2ñ¹ u¥3ñÅ²Ñ i¹© k(V1),¹ ¹¹v,4© ?。òÑ i(&amp;shy; oYí¯ ,W&amp;shy;¨3 cmP·¥¤ ú。V1 Å °Ñ i²Ð?ìTable 1 Structure and standards of typicalgreenhouse溫室代號(hào)Codename跨度(m)Span長(zhǎng)度(m)Length墻體厚度(m)Thicknessof wall后墻高度(m)Height of rear wall前坡長(zhǎng)(m)Lengthof ahead slope后坡長(zhǎng)(m)Lengthof rear slopeA 6.9 50.0 1 .0 1.8 5.9 2.6B 8.0 42.6 1 .0 1.4 8.3 2.5C 7.3 42.0 0 .9 2.1 7.5 1.4注 Note:A.府谷縣日光溫室Solar greenhousein Fugu county; &nbsp; &nbsp;B.咸陽(yáng)渭濱鄉(xiāng)日光溫室 Solargreenhousein Weibin Xianyang;C.咸陽(yáng)灃西鄉(xiāng)郭村日光溫室 Solar greenhousein GuocunFengxi Xianyang以下各表及圖例同 Theseweresamein thefollowing tablesand figuresû©!1Ï9 ¹ 3 ÿHqGQsY¹:¹38°49 39°0234°24; M °v H ¹2 898.7 h2 179.4 h;12 / M2z Ü ( °v H ¹208.5 207.3 h151.4 h , Ü ( °väs q¹69.3 % 70%48.7 %; Ü (Kv;v &nbsp;£ö1¹: b £, Q r _. £,Q Ð b £,?- £Kl。sV ü,: b £3ñFîs £ ¹i ü&amp;shy;ª Û £&gt;ªì á Û £&gt; :8 Û £。V² A,AÑ i tl, -ì á , bWv, £ l Æ,ÑÚ。7BCÑ i tÑV7 m , -ì á&gt;7.5 m ,Wö1YVi ü -ì ëª Û £, î,%¹9 £ , i =Ñ ®。 &nbsp;N,3 ª¹ °Ñ i tRÑV7 m , êl -ì ë Û £ ë,F C &gt;B, ÏAÑ i tl, -ì á , :8 ¨, î,â? 6Ñ y,WÑ ¤, iÑ Ú。CÑ i t -ì á Bl,W Û £ &nbsp;¤, iÑÚ¿BÑ i。Á Á´gµM? p。yN, ûy/ °Ñ i¥ Ø t¹7 m =,Ú3.0 mP·。3.3 Ñ i &gt; £¥ö1oåÑ i £ l¦ç sV ü, °Ñ i £ l Æö1 L%¹ i =r Ú¥ þ ?,¦ö1 :b £,9 &gt; £ 76% , Ïi ü -ì ë Û £9: b £¥90%P·。 î,F &nbsp;£oå。#ypÑ iÛ¶e, &#39;r á. £。Ð b £ 5¿¹5 Ø f ,  ?ÞzÉ g Ñ,¸ói ,&#39; V|s &gt; £®Kl´。 IÓD1 &nbsp;陳瑞生,鄭海山,張建國(guó)等.日光溫室氣象環(huán)境綜合研究(三).農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào),1992 ,8(4):78 822 &nbsp;李良晨.保護(hù)地設(shè)施內(nèi)熱濕狀態(tài)的計(jì)算方法.西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1991,19(4):25 313 &nbsp;李良晨.不加溫溫室和塑料大棚內(nèi)外溫度的相互關(guān)系.西北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),1992 ,20(1):23 294 &nbsp;北京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)主編.保護(hù)地蔬菜栽培學(xué).北京:農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,1980Analyse onVariationsof Temperature andQuantity ofHeat inSolarGreenhouseZouZhirong1, LiJianming1, WangNaibiao2,LiuYunxing3, LiHaigang4andLiHulin5(1 Dept.of Horticulture, Northw estern Agricultural University, 2 Fugu, Agricultural Office, 3 Xianyang, Qindu S tation of Horticulture,4 Shenmu, Sericulture Horiticulture Station, 5 Yulin Institute of Agricultural Sciences)Abstract By means of comparative experimentation, this paper was intented to research the variations oftemperature and quantity of heat on greenhouse in Shaanbei and Guanzhong stations.I t showed that the maxi-mum of tem perature , average temperature and 10cm ground temperature in Shaanbei greenhouse w as greaterthan that of Guanzhong .It is an ideal region of developing greenhouse .The m ajor way of lossing heat at nightis through around structure w hich accounts for 76 %of all lossing heat .The second w ay is crossw ise lossing heatby soil w hich accounts for 12.5% 13.2% of all lossing heat.The final way is chink lossing heat w hich ac-counts for 5.6% 10.7 %of all lossing heat.Therefore , covering grassy marshland at night and digging coldpreventive ditch are major w ays of heat preservation .Keywords Solar greenhouse ;Temperature ;Quantity of heat·60· &nbsp;j &lt; Ð &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;6 </p>