有機(jī)物發(fā)酵液對(duì)溫室大棚月季灰霉病發(fā)病率及采后性狀的影響

北方園藝2008(11):157 161 BTe:張?jiān)品?1964-),男,云南澄江縣人,碩士,副教授,現(xiàn)從事植物遺傳及植物資源研究工作。E-mail:yunfeng196421cn.com。YT:謝慶華。E-mail:xqinghuavip.sins.com。 “:國(guó)家科技部科技支撐資助項(xiàng)目(2007BAD87B12);云南師范大學(xué)生物資源研究所重點(diǎn)資助項(xiàng)目(YSR-2006/ 2)。l :2008-06-18?A iv 1 h?h q#Y張?jiān)品? , 管會(huì)林2 , 謝慶華2 , 嚴(yán)勝柒1(1. 2 =Sv 3 S, 2 650029;2. 2 =Sv, 2 650029)K 1:灰霉病是月季在低溫、高濕條件下的常見(jiàn)病害,多發(fā)于冬季大棚及冷庫(kù)的花朵及花枝上。傳統(tǒng)上常用殺菌劑來(lái)防治,防治效果并不理想。試驗(yàn)利用BYM制備的有機(jī)物發(fā)酵液進(jìn)行葉面噴施,結(jié)果表明:噴施發(fā)酵液的防治效果較雷多米兒及水分別降低14.82%、62.11%,而在花杯高度、花杯直徑、花枝高度、葉片面積及插瓶壽命等方面都有不同程度的提高。試驗(yàn)同時(shí)還通過(guò)對(duì)發(fā)酵液的過(guò)濾分離、微波處理、孢子萌發(fā)、菌絲生長(zhǎng)抑制等方面的試驗(yàn),表明發(fā)酵液的防病機(jī)制是:發(fā)酵液中具有抑制病源孢子萌發(fā)、菌絲生長(zhǎng)以及促進(jìn)、保護(hù)月季葉片細(xì)胞的物質(zhì),一方面抑制孢子的萌發(fā)及菌絲的生長(zhǎng),另一方面提高植物的活性、降低病原菌對(duì)宿主細(xì)胞的危害;同時(shí)發(fā)酵液中的活性菌占據(jù)植物表面的生長(zhǎng)生態(tài)位,降低病原菌在植株表面的附著,從而抑制月季灰霉病的發(fā)生。試驗(yàn)對(duì)保護(hù)地切花月季的灰霉病防治提供了一種新思路。1oM:?A;1 h; 3 ; M1ms |:S685.12 DS M :A cI|:1001-0009(2008)11-0157-05 h Botrytiscinerea Bd ,Rr.I 7 VY#V J ., 1998,25(3):275-279. 9 George N.Agrios Plant Pathology (Third Edition) M .New YorkAcademic Press,Inc,1988:330-333. 10 Tronsmo A , Raa J.Antagonistic actionof Trichoderma pseudokoningiiagainst theapplepathogenBotrytiscinereaJ .Phytopath.Z., 1977, 89:216-220.160北方園藝2008(11):157 161 11 Sesan T E, OpreaM , CsepN , etal.Bio-controlof Botrytisconiothyri-umminitans.Abstrats of paperpresentedata workshoponecology of Bitry-tisandSclerotinla andtheirinteraction with other microorganism C /Heldwithinthe framework of sixth international Mycological Congress (MC6).InternationalConventionCenter, Jerusalem, Isreal, 1998.12 DikA J, Koning G, K H J.Evaluation of Microbial Antagonists forBiologicalControlof BotrytiscinereaStemInfectioninCucumberandTomatoJ .EuropeanJournal of Plant Pathology, 1999, 105(2):115-122.13u ,. v h 3 ) r k J . 3, 1995, 9(4):85-89. 14 Swadling I R, Tefferies P C.Antigonistic Propertiesof Tow bacterialbiocontrol agents of greymoulddisease J .Biocontrol Science andTechnolo-gy , 1998(8):439-448. 15 w, +, .I N h = 3 F% )s J . 3, 2004, 24(4):62-64. 16 yZ. ! 0 M #: h ) FTD . jv V . 17 JanisiewiczW, Yourman L, Roitman, et al.Postharvestcontrolofbluemold andgray moldof applesandpearsby diptreatmentwithpyrrolnitrin, ametabolite ofPseudomonas cepacia J .Plant Dis,1991:490-494.The Prevent of Botrytis in Cut RoseviaFoliage Spring of Ferment SolutionZHANG Yun-feng1, GUAN Hui-lin2, XIEQin-hua2 , YAN Sheng-qi1(1.TheSchool ofBiologicalScience, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming , Yunnan650029, China;2.The College of Energy Sources andEnvironment, YunnanNormalUniversity, Kunming, Yunnan 650029, China)Abstract:Botrytisareprobably themostcommon andmost wildly diseasesof cutrosewhich appearedatflower andstemin greenhouseand cooling roomat low temperatureandhigh humidity condition.In traditionalhorticulture, thegermi-cidewasusedtopreventthediseasestohappened, theresultswerenotveryideality.Inthisexperiment, theorganicfer-ment solutionpreparationfromBYM wasusedtopreventbotrytisincutroseatgreenhouseviafoliagespringoftheprep-aration.Theresultsshowedthatthepreventimpact,diseasesfrequencyanddiseaseindexwaslowerwhenspring theva-riouspreparationincludingwholefermentsolution, filtrationsolutionor filtration(fermentmicrobe)thenthatofcompari-son, metalaxylwhich wasusedcommonlyintraditionforbotrytisprevent, theformer preventimpactincreased14.82%and62.11%then thatofmetalaxylandwater .Theresultalsoshowedthatafter springtheorganicfermentsolution, theheightof flowercup, diameterofflower, stemlengthofflower , areaof leafandvaselifewasimprovedatvariouslevels.Through seriesexperiments basedseparatetheferment solution, treat thedifferentcompositeof fermentbymicrowave,andit seffect on sporegermination andmycelialgrowth,et al, wesuggested thepreventmechanismof organicfermentsolutionfor botrytiswas complexion, its function may beconcerningwithits biosynthesismaterialandmicrobe.Thebiosynthesismaterialcould restrain thesporegermination and growth of mycelial on oneside, and on theother sideitcouldpromotethe physiological activity of plant.The microbe could hold the ecological position in exterior of plant,decreased theattachmentof pathogeny, socould restrain the happen ofbotrytisin cut rose.Thetechniqueusedin theexperiment was very simple, soit couldbeavery practicalityinusage.Keywords:Ferment solution;Botrytisdisease;Physiologicalactivity;Cut rose161