不同簡易栽培設施對華南地區(qū)越夏菜心產量及品質的影響

Effects of Different Simple Cultivation Facilitieson Yield and Quality of Over-summer Brassicacampestris L. in South ChinaPuxing LIANG, Ruiyi YANG, Qiang LI*, Zujiang GAO, Jing ZHANG, Biao LIANGFoshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Foshan City, Foshan 528145, ChinaSupported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503106); 2016 Agricultural Technology Extension Project of Foshan City; Project ofFeatured Vegetable Industry Innovation Team of Guangdong Province (2016LM1015).*Corresponding author. E-mail: fssnxh126.comReceived: October 20, 2017 Accepted: December 5, 2017AAgricultural Science Brassica campestris L.; Over-summer cultivation; Simplefacility不同簡易栽培設施對華南地區(qū)越夏菜心產量及品質的影響梁普興，楊瑞怡，李強*，高祖江，張晶，梁彪（佛山市農業(yè)科學研究所 /佛山市農業(yè)技術推廣中心，廣東佛山 528145）摘要該研究通過比較不同簡易栽培設施對菜心產量及品質的影響，初步探究適合于高溫季節(jié)菜心生產的設施類型，為高溫季節(jié)菜心高效栽培提供技術參考。試驗共設置對照CK（露地栽培）；普通防蟲網棚栽培；普通塑料薄膜大棚栽培；日本透光防蟲網棚栽培4 個處理。研究表明，日本透光防蟲網處理相對最優(yōu) ，與露地栽培相比，日本透光防蟲網處理下菜心株高、葉面積、產量分別提升了 22%、63%、49%；Vc 含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白分別提升了 14%、13%、10%。關鍵詞華南地區(qū) ；菜心；越夏栽培；簡易設施基金項目農業(yè) 部公益性行業(yè) 科研專項（201503106）；2016 年佛山市農業(yè) 科技推廣項目 “耐熱菜心高效設施栽培技術研究與推廣 ”；廣東省特色蔬菜產業(yè) 創(chuàng) 新團隊項目（2016LM1015）。作者簡介梁普興（1963-），男，廣東羅定人，高級農藝師，研究方向：蔬菜栽培。 * 通訊作者，高級農藝師，從事蔬菜栽培及育種，E-mail: fssnxh126.com。收稿日期 2017-10-20修回日期 2017-12-05DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2017.12.036AgriculturalScienceP0.05,n=3).Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on aboveground weight, underground weight and yield of B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.1 Effects of different treatments onplant height of B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top ofthe bars indicate significant differences atthe 0.05 level (Duncans multiple rangetest; P0.05, n=3).Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on leafarea of B. campestris23552017AgriculturalScienceP0.05, n=3).Fig.5 Effects of different treatments on sol-uble sugar content in B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.6 Effects of different treatments onsoluble protein content in B. campestrisDifferent lowercase letters on the top of thebars indicate significant differences at the0.05 level (Duncans multiple range test;P0.05, n=3).Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on vi-tamin C content in B. campestriswere increased by 10%, 7% and 6%,respectively.Conclusions and Discus-sionThe results showed that com-pared with the control, the other threetreatments could effectively improvethe agronomic traits of B. campestris.Chen et al.3found that rain shed andanti-insect shed could improve yield,reduce pests and improve quality,which were consistent with the resultsof this study. The treatment effect ofJapanese translucent anti-insect netshed was the best, the treatment effectof ordinary anti-insect net shed rankedsecond, and the treatment effect of or-dinary plastic film greenhouse was thepoorest. Compared with open fieldcultivation, the Japanese translucentanti-insect net shed increased theplant height, leaf area and yield ofB. campestris by 22%, 63% and 49%,respectively.This study found that comparedwith the control, the other three treat-ments increased the Vc, soluble sugarand soluble protein contents of B.campestris. Miao et al.4found thatanti-insect net shed also increased thesoluble sugar content in B. campestris,in addition to reducing the applicationamount of pesticides and improvingthe yield of B. campestris, which wasconsistent with the results of thisstudy. In this study, the treatment ef-fect of Japanese translucent anti-insect net shed was the best, signifi-cantly better than those of ordinaryanti-insect net shed and ordinary plas-tic film greenhouse; no significant dif-ference was found in treatment effectbetween ordinary anti-insect net shedand ordinary plastic film greenhouse;and compared with those in open fieldcultivation, the Vc, soluble sugar andsoluble protein contents of B. campes-tris in Japanese translucent anti-insectnet shed were increased by 14%, 13%and 10%, respectively.In summary, Japanese translu-cent anti-insect net shed has obviouscomparative advantages in improvingthe yield and quality of B. campestrisin South China. In actual production, inaddition to research, development andpromotion of affordable and simple fa-cilities, the breeding of heat-resistantvarieties should also be strengthened.Screening heat-resistant B. campestrisvarieties through studying the effectsof high temperature on the growth anddevelopment, agronomic traits andphysiological indexes has a very im-portant significance on the productionof B. campestris. Studies have shownthat under high temperature stress, theyield, biomass, stalk quality and stalkleaf number of heat-tolerant B. cam-pestris varieties are higher than thoseof heat-sensitive varieties5-9.References1 ZHAI ZH (翟志宏 ), LIN ZG (林鎮(zhèn) 國 ),CHEN HH (陳慧華 ), et al. Temporal andspatial variation of temperature suitabili-ty index for Brassica parachinensis inGuangdong (廣東菜心周年種植溫度適宜性及其變化趨勢 ) J. GuangdongAgricultural Sciences (廣東農業(yè)科學 ),2016, 43(3): 66-71.2 LI HS (李合生 ). Principle and technologyof plant physiology and biochemistry ex-periment (植物生理生化實驗原理和技術 ) M. Beijing: Beijing Higher Educa-tion Press (北京 : 北京高等教育出版社 ),2000.3 CHEN LN (陳麗娜 ), LYU S (呂順 ),ZHUANG HC (莊華才 ), et al. Rain and(Continued on page 2377)2356AgriculturalScience the increment of P concen-tration in leachate was 0.07-0.10 mg/Las phosphorus application rate was600 kg P2O5/hm2. Studies have shownthat phosphorus is the major limitingfactor for the eutrophication of fresh-water systems8-10. When total nitrogenconcentration in water is >0.20 mg/L,orthophosphate concentration onlyneedstoreach0.01-0.02mg/Ltocausewater eutrophication11-12, thus damag-ing ecological environment and caus-ing pollution. Long-term excessive ap-plication of phosphorus fertilizer isbound to cause further loss of phos-phorus in sugarcane fields. However,nutrient uptake by sugarcane andphosphorus in crop residue and soilparticles taken away by surface runoffformed by rainfall erosion were ig-nored in the simulated rainfall experi-ment. The potential risk of phosphorusloss from surface soil (0-30 cm) wasexplored, so the study had limitations.In future research, field trials should becontinued to confirm the relationshipbetween phosphorus fertilizer, sugar-cane and phosphorus loss accordingto actual surface runoff and leakage ofphosphorus.The reasonable application rate ofphosphorus fertilizer for sugarcane is150 kg P2O5/hm2. However, long-termcontinuous application of phosphorusfertilizer can promote the enhance-ment of available phosphorus contentin soil and increase the risk of phos-phorus loss from sugarcane fields. Fu-ture research on the application ofphosphorus fertilizer to sugarcane andthe risk of phosphorus loss can beconducted around the increase of sug-arcane yield by phosphorus applica-tion, sugarcane planting years andavailable phosphorus content in soil.Based on available phosphorus con-tent in soil, the surplus of soil phos-phorus should be maintained in a rea-sonable range to reduce the risk ofphosphorus loss from sugarcane fieldsaccording to sugarcane planting yearsand yield targets.References1 JI HJ (冀宏杰 ), ZHANG HZ (張懷志 ),ZHANG WL (張維理 ), et al. Researchprogress on cropland phosphorus bal-ance in China (我國農田磷養(yǎng)分平衡研究進展 )J. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中國生態(tài)農業(yè)學報 ), 2015,23(1):1-8.2 TAN HW (譚宏偉 ), ZHOU LQ (周柳強 ),XIE RL (謝如林 ), et al. Study on N, Pand K nutrient balance of lowland andupland ecological system in Guangxi (廣西稻田和旱地的農田生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 的氮磷鉀養(yǎng) 分平衡研究 )C/Ecological Securityand Sustainable DevelopmentPro-ceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting ofGuangxi Society of Ecology (生態(tài) 安全與可持續(xù)發(fā)展廣西生態(tài)學學會 2003年學術年會論文集 ), 2003.3 SHARPLEY AN, MOYER B. Phospho-rus forms in manure and compost andtheir release during simulated rainfallJ.Journal of Environmental Quality, 2000,29:1462-1469.4 XIE RL (謝如林 ), TAN HW (譚宏偉 ),ZHOU LQ (周柳強 ), et al. Water, soil,nitrogen and phosphorus losses fromsurface runoff in sugarcane croppingsystem (甘蔗種植體系水土及氮磷養(yǎng)分流失研究 )J. Southwest China, Journalof Agricultural Sciences (西南農業(yè)學報 ),2013, 26(4): 1572-1577.5 TAN HW (譚宏偉 ). Sugarcane fertiliza-tion management (甘蔗施肥管理 )M.Beijing: China Agricultural Press (北京 :中國農業(yè)出版社 ), 2009: 108-109.6 ZHAO QG (趙其國 ), HUANG GQ (黃國勤 ), MA YQ (馬艷芹 ). The problems inred soil ecosystem in southern of Chinaand its countermeasures (中國南方紅壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)而臨的問題及對策 )J. Acta E-cologica Sinica (生態(tài) 學報 ), 2013, 33(24):7615-7622.7 LIAO ZW (廖宗文 ), LIN DJ (林東教 ),WANG JL (王建林 ). A preliminary studyon the difference of P fertilizer availabilityin red earths and relative characteristicsofsoilchemistry(紅壤的磷肥有效性差異及其土壤化學特點的初步研究 )J. Jour-nalofSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity(華南農業(yè)大學學報 ),1996,17(l):67-71.8 BERGE D, FJELD E, HINDAR A, et al.Nitrogen retention in two Norwegianwatercourses of different trophic statusJ. Ambio, 1997, 26(5):282-288.9 CORRELL DL. Phosphorus: a rate limit-ing nutrient in surface watersJ. PoultryScience, 1999, 78(5):674- 682.10 SCHANDLER DW. Eutrophication andrecovery in experimental lakes: impli-cation for lake managementJ. Sci-ence, 1974(184):897-899.11 LU RK (魯如坤 ). Principles of plant nu-trition and fertilization (植物營養(yǎng)與施肥原理 )M. Beijing: Agricultural Press (北京 : 農業(yè) 出版社 ), 2000: 201-202.12 ISSERMAN K. 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